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    "<h1>Table of Contents<span class=\"tocSkip\"></span></h1>\n",
    "<div class=\"toc\" style=\"margin-top: 1em;\"><ul class=\"toc-item\"><li><span><a href=\"#Respiratory-systems\" data-toc-modified-id=\"Respiratory-systems-1\"><span class=\"toc-item-num\">1&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>Respiratory systems</a></span></li><li><span><a href=\"#Digestive-systems\" data-toc-modified-id=\"Digestive-systems-2\"><span class=\"toc-item-num\">2&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>Digestive systems</a></span></li><li><span><a href=\"#Urinary-systems\" data-toc-modified-id=\"Urinary-systems-3\"><span class=\"toc-item-num\">3&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>Urinary systems</a></span></li><li><span><a href=\"#Reproductive-systems\" data-toc-modified-id=\"Reproductive-systems-4\"><span class=\"toc-item-num\">4&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>Reproductive systems</a></span></li></ul></div>"
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    "# Class 2.1.4 - Body Systems (part 2)"
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    "This video focuses on the components and structures of the following body systems: respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems."
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    "## Respiratory systems\n",
    "\n",
    "**It is consists of:**\n",
    "\n",
    "* upper respiratory tract;\n",
    "  * Nose;\n",
    "  * Nasal cavity;\n",
    "  * Mouth;\n",
    "  * Throat or Pharynx;\n",
    "  * Voice Box or Larynx;\n",
    "* lower respiratory tract;\n",
    "  * Trachea;\n",
    "  * Bronchi;\n",
    "  * Bronchioles;\n",
    "  * Lungs;\n",
    "\n",
    "**Characteristics:**\n",
    "\n",
    "* Withing the lungs, there are numerous tiny air sacs called alveoli, where gas exchange occurs;\n",
    "  * Provides oxygen to bloodstream;\n",
    "  * Removes carbon dioxide from bloodstream;\n",
    "\n",
    "**Functions:**\n",
    "\n",
    "* it keeps the body constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide;\n",
    "* it is important for sound production (speak);"
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    "## Digestive systems\n",
    "\n",
    "**It is consists of:**\n",
    "\n",
    "* Oral cavity (tongue and teeth);\n",
    "* Esophagus;\n",
    "* Stomach;\n",
    "* Small intestine;\n",
    "* Large intestine;\n",
    "* Accessory organs, such as:\n",
    "  * Liver;\n",
    "  * Gallbladder;\n",
    "  * Pancreas;\n",
    "\n",
    "**Characteristics:**\n",
    "\n",
    "* It is basically a very long tube running through the body from mouth to anus;\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "**Functions:**\n",
    "\n",
    "* Their role is to process and digest food, absorb and conserve water, absorb nutrients and eliminate undigested food waste;"
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    "## Urinary systems\n",
    "\n",
    "**It is consists of:**\n",
    "\n",
    "* Kidneys;\n",
    "* Ureters;\n",
    "* Urinary bladder;\n",
    "* Urethra;\n",
    "\n",
    "**Characteristics:**\n",
    "\n",
    "**Functions:**\n",
    "\n",
    "* The kidney excretes waste products such as urea from the bloodstream;\n",
    "* Kidneys control water balance by regulating volume of urine produced;\n",
    "* Kidneys regulate blood ion concentration and pH by controlling the composition of urine produced;\n",
    "* The urinary bladder can temporarily store urine prior to voluntary elimination;"
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    "## Reproductive systems\n",
    "\n",
    "**It is consists of:**\n",
    "* For males:\n",
    "  * Testes;\n",
    "  * Accessory glands like:\n",
    "    * The prostate;\n",
    "    * Associated duct systems;\n",
    "* For females:\n",
    "  * Ovaries (female);\n",
    "  * Duct systems:\n",
    "    * Uterine tubes;\n",
    "    * Uterus;\n",
    "    * Vagina;\n",
    "    \n",
    "\n",
    "**Functions and Characteristics:**\n",
    "\n",
    "* Its function is produce offspring;\n",
    "* The testes of the male produce sperms;\n",
    "* The ovaries of the female produce eggs;\n",
    "* In male, sperm cells are produced in seminiferous tubules which are located inside the testes. These immature sperm cells then passively moved to epididymis for temporary storage and maturation;\n",
    "* Eggs produced in ovary passively passed through the uterine tube and then reach the uterus. If fertilization occurs, the growing fetus will attach to the uterus by forming the placenta;\n",
    "* Mammary glands are milk producing glands found in the breasts. After the birth of a baby they produce milk in response to hormonal stimulation."
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